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Duopolies and outsourcing agreements have also affected Fox stations in a similar manner; although Fox is considered to be a major network on the same level as NBC, ABC, and CBS and has urged its affiliates since the early 1990s to broadcast local news, about half of its stations broadcast local news programming through news share agreements with many of the remainder operating their own news departments.

Some broadcast television stations also operate cable channels (some of which are repeated through digital multicasting) that air the station's local newscasts in the form of live simulcasts from the television station, with rebroadcasts of the newscasts airing in time periods between the live broadcasts.[] A term which has entered common parlance to differentiate cable news from traditional news broadcasts is network news, in reference to the traditional television networks on which such broadcasts air.

Complementing the survey results in the previous chapter, this section of the report is based on a different approach to data collection. Rather than asking people about their experiences with news on You, Tube, researchers used both computational tools and human coders to examine some of the attributes of the most popular You, Tube news channels and the content of the videos they publish.

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Fewer popular You, Tube news channels are owned by radio stations like NPR or wire services such as The Associated Press. Popular You, Tube news channels that are not affiliated with established news organizations fall into one of two other categories. About one-in-ten channels (9%) are affiliated with other types of organizations, such as government entities or research and advocacy organizations.

These channels feature the same host, identifiable in all or most of the videos. In the most common video format, the host speaks directly to the camera about their views on a specific issue or event happening in the news. The authenticity of their videos is one of the draws of the channel, much like a blog in the 2000s and 2010s.



About three-in-ten of the most popular You, Tube news channels (29%) are hosted by an individual who built their following through their You, Tube channel, a group this study refers to as “You, Tubers.” This group is distinct from public figures simply in that any notoriety they have attanined has come after starting a You, Tube channel, not before.

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Importantly, while many of these individuals have built a career off of their work, some have drawn significant negative attention. For instance, some of these channels are hosted by controversial figures, including some run by individuals with ties to racist groups. (Some of these channels, included among the most popular You, Tube news channels as of November 2019, have since been banned by You, Tube.) And You, Tube has often tried to rein in this controversy through video takedowns and demonetization, leading to discrimination lawsuits from You, Tubers across the political spectrum.

You, Tubers may be adopting these tools at such high rates as much to build a following as to pull in revenue. For example, official source member perks like digital badges can appear in user comments, helping promote that membership to other viewers. And the survey component of this study suggests that this may be effective.

From this subset of channels, researchers excluded local news channels and then selected the top 100 channels based on how many views their typical (median) video received that month. Through this process, researchers arrived at a selection of news channels that produce videos that pertain to national or international current events and typically receive a substantial number of views.

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With the exception of a handful of extremely prolific channels that produced too many videos to examine in their entirety, this sampling process included most or all of the videos that each channel produced during the month (News Channels). Altogether, 3,626 videos were examined and then subsequently weighted to be representative of the full collection of videos

The first 10 minutes of each video (or, if Read Full Report the video was shorter than 10 minutes, the entire video) in this final sample was watched by a human you could check here researcher and coded for a range of characteristics, including its primary topic, the person or group it focused on, its tone, the number of views it received in its first week and the sources it cited.

QAnon was the most common conspiracy theory discussed. News Channels. It was mentioned in 5% of the videos and was the main topic of 2%. On some types of channels, however, conspiracy theories were mentioned much more regularly. Fewer than 1% of the videos produced by channels that are affiliated with a news organization were about a conspiracy theory, and just 2% of these channels’ videos mentioned any of these theories at all

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Conceptually, a video’s focus is distinct from its topic. For example, while videos that were about Trump’s impeachment often focused on Trump himself, some focused on other figures involved in the impeachment proceedings. Similarly, many videos that focused on Trump were about the impeachment proceedings, but others focused on the president in the context of his administration more generally, domestic issues, and other topics.

While most of these videos were topically related to Trump’s impeachment, videos that were about Trump in other contexts also received high numbers of views. Of the videos that focused on Trump, 62% were related to his impeachment, and these videos averaged about 241,000 views. However, 6% were about other aspects of Trump or his administration, and these received even more views (roughly 270,000, on average).

Roughly one-in-five (22%) videos took a negative tone toward their main subject, compared with just 4% that had a positive tone. An additional 5% of videos had no focus at all. Independent channels were more than twice as likely to publish negative videos: 37% of the videos produced by independent channels took a negative tone toward their primary focus, compared with just 17% of the videos that were produced by channels affiliated with news organizations.

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Negativity also seemed to drive viewership – or, on the other side of the coin, positivity was less effective at capturing an audience’s attention. Videos that were predominantly negative in tone received an average of 184,000 views, somewhat higher than videos that had a mixed or neutral tone, which averaged 172,000 views.

This pattern was reflected in videos that were produced by both types of channels – news organizations and independent channels alike. These videos cited a wide variety of sources in their reporting, with media the most commonly cited source type (only external media citations were included; for example, a video produced by NBC and citing another NBC clip or statements of their own reporters were not counted, but if NBC included a clip from CBS it would be).

We all tune into our favorite channels to get the latest news. They update us on what’s happening around the globe. This keeps us informed and aware. Many of us wonder how the news is gathered up so quickly. How is it that an event can happen thousands of miles away and get covered in stunning detail? Well, your answer lies here.

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